TL;DR：LiquiDEX v1通过从提案中删除价值致盲因子（value blinding factors）对v0进行了改进，从而防止Taker能够替换范围证明。我们用价值盲证明和标量偏移替换价值盲因子。这使得钱包集成变得更加容易、被更少的干扰且更安全。不过存在一些妥协：Maker输入不得来自潜在的Taker，并且如果Maker使用（非）盲输入，则它必须使用（非）盲输出。BEWallet中提供了一个工作原型。如果需更多信息或想要讨论该提案，请在此处或在Build On L2社区平台上与我们联系。
LiquiDEX是一个在液态网络上执行两步原子交换的工作协议。它只需要交换方进行一次交互，极大地改善了用户体验。它可以被用作实现更复杂系统，例如自动场外交易柜台（OTC）、拍卖，甚至去中心化交易所 (DEX)。更多详细信息，请参阅之前的博客文章。
范围证明问题
使用隐私交易，非盲信息在输出字段之一（范围证明）中被加密。接收转账后，这些未公开的信息将被解密并用于消费。但是，交易签名不包括这样的字段。因此，Taker可以替换它的值，而Maker将无法对交易进行解密。
在之前的博文中，我们解释了这是使用确定性盲点解决的，并且（滥）用随机数承诺字段来加密金额和（部分）资产 ID。 但是，此方案非常复杂，不适用于通用钱包（比如Elements Core或Green）。
解决范围证明问题
一个可能的解决方案是使用`SIGHASH_RANGEPROOF`，但它在LiquiDEX中并不适用。当使用`SIGHASH_RANGEPROOF`时，签名包含了范围证明，但它也包含了满射证明。然而，Maker无法为其输出创建溢出证明，因为还没有相同资产的输入。
另一个方案
目标是防止Taker为Maker输出生成有效的范围证明。
首先，Taker必须能够解析交易并为交易提供资金，因此Maker必须共享输入（和输出）资产和金额。其次，Taker必须能够为Maker输出生成溢出证明（surjection proof），因此输出资产盲因子（asset blinder，abf）也必须共享。 第三，Taker必须能够用Taker发送的资产为其输出生成溢出证明，因此输入资产盲因子也必须共享。
所以，我们需要将输入和输出值的盲因子（value/amount blinders，vbf）替换为允许Taker验证价值承诺并盲化交易的东西。
为了验证价值承诺，我们可以使用盲值证明。盲值证明是“证明价值承诺与显性价值相匹配的显性价值范围证明”。这些被用于部分签名元素交易 (PSETs)。为了正确地盲化隐私交易，与所有其他致盲因子不同，最后一个值致盲因子不是随机选择的，而是使输入和输出“总和为0”。 换句话说，输入`scalar_offsets` 的总和等于输出`scalar_offsets` 的总和，其中`scalar_offset`的定义如下：
scalar_offset = abf * value + vbf (mod n)
这个想法是Maker共享其标量偏移量：
maker_scalar_offset = abf_o * value_o + vbf_o - (abf_i * value_i + vbf_i) (mod n)
不过，为了避免无意中泄露价值致盲因素，还是有一些妥协。
权衡利弊
Maker输入不得来自潜在的Taker。 否则，Taker知道vbf_i并且可以从`maker_scalar_offset`计算 `vbf_o`。相反，`vbf_i`应该由Maker选择并保密；这可以通过发送给自己的交易来实现（这也可能会创建一个所需大小的UTXO）。
此外，这意味着Maker的输入不应该源于LiquiDEX v0交换。
如果Maker输入是非盲的，那么Maker的输出必须是非盲的；如果Maker输入被屏蔽，则Maker输出必须被屏蔽。否则，Taker知道其中一个价值致盲因子（为0），并且可以计算另一个价值致盲因子。
最后，当使用相同的输入进行多个提案时，每当abf_o或value_o发生变化时绘制一个新的vbf_o是至关重要的。否则，你会有两个不同的方程。
maker_scalar_offset = abf_o * value_o + vbf_o - (abf_i * value_i + vbf_i) (mod n)
maker_scalar_offset' = abf_o' * value_o + vbf_o - (abf_i * value_i + vbf_i) (mod n)
有两个未知数，允许taker计算`vbf_o`。
LiquiDEX v1
让我们从LiquiDEX v0的格式开始，以显示不同和相似之处：
```{
"version": 0,
"tx": "...",
"inputs": [{
"asset": "...",
"amount": 1,
"assetblinder": "...",
"amountblinder": "...",
}],
"outputs": [{
"asset": "...",
"amount": 1,
"assetblinder": "...",
"amountblinder": "...",
}],
}```
LiquiDEX v1将价值盲因子（value/amount blinder，vbf）替换为盲值证明，并为标量添加了一个顶级（top-level）字段：
```{
"version": 1,
"tx": "...",
"inputs": [{
"asset": "...",
"satoshi": 1,
"assetblinder": "...",
"value_blind_proof": "...",
}],
"outputs": [{
"asset": "...",
"satoshi": 1,
"assetblinder": "...",
"value_blind_proof": "...",
}],
"scalars": ["..."],
}```
理论上，LiquiDEX v0提案可以升级到LiquiDEX v1，但现阶段为了简单起见，最好将此升级视为重大更改。请注意，我们还将“数量”替换为了“聪”。
一个可行的实现
我们在BEWallet中开发了一个工作原型。
安装钱包：
```git clone https://github.com/LeoComandini/BEWallet-cli.git
cd BEWallet-cli
cargo install .```
Maker列出其代币以选择要交换的代币：
```$ bewallet-cli --testnet --electrum-url blockstream.info:465 --data-root $PWD --mnemonic "$MNEMONIC" get-coins | jq
[
...
{
"txo": {
"outpoint": "[elements]2dfaf9ca94fe817998456f02ab5093f5c1cf35e141efaf80212fe39ec4f6947c:0",
"script_pubkey": "a9144a597f4df12eea440e4e569f6e73b3e3b8794bdd87",
"height": 508358
},
"unblinded": {
"asset": "38fca2d939696061a8f76d4e6b5eecd54e3b4221c846f24a6b279e79952850a5",
"asset_bf": "9810d5b7987be0b2a2fecc3b0eb5e0a47e4386380f81c444659049890e8d0081",
"value": 100,
"value_bf": "f0450ba54ed42f13a56589317cd2fe2d28ce20796dacea8b49a14d806fce87a3"
}
}
]```
然后提出提案：
```$ bewallet-cli --testnet --electrum-url blockstream.info:465 --data-root $PWD --mnemonic "$MNEMONIC" liquidex-make --txid 2dfaf9ca94fe817998456f02ab5093f5c1cf35e141efaf80212fe39ec4f6947c --vout 0 --asset 144c654344aa716d6f3abcc1ca90e5641e4e2a7f633bc09fe3baf64585819a49 --rate 100
{"version":1,"tx":"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并将其发送给Taker，Taker可以接受：
```$ bewallet-cli --testnet --electrum-url blockstream.info:465 --data-root $PWD --mnemonic "$MNEMONIC" liquidex-take --proposal '{"version":1,"tx":"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--broadcast
f831ae46f28ce47001a7f19b35652506f93815d2884d0de9df4f06b387739e50```
未来的提升
与LiquiDEX v0不同，LiquiDEX v1不需要自定义方法来对Maker收到的输出进行揭盲。因此，一个特定的钱包并不是绝对必要的。可以使用Elements Core钱包编写一个小型Python包装器，这种方法类似于第一篇博文中描述的前三个LiquiDEX的原型。
LiquiDEX v1不使用PSET，因为它没有地方存储资产致盲因子。如果未来有可能，我们将升级版本并使用PSET。
总结
LiquiDEX是一个执行两步P2P原子交换的协议。通过要求Maker和Taker之间的单一交互来提升用户体验。当然，该协议做出了合理的妥协。
LiquiDEX v0需要在钱包开发上付出巨大努力才能正确、安全地处理致盲和解盲。LiquiDEX v1从提议中移除了价值致盲因素，防止Taker能够替换范围证明。这使得钱包集成变得更加容易、干扰更少且更安全。
但是，有一些妥协，Maker输入一定不能从潜在的Taker发送，如果Maker使用（非）盲输入，它必须使用（非）盲输https://twitter.com/n1ckler?lang=en出。
致谢
我要感谢Riccardo Casatta和Valerio Vaccaro的测试和审查，以及Jonas Nick提供的密码设计反馈。
如果您有兴趣了解更多关于LiquiDEX和液态网络上的交换或讨论提案，请在此处或Build On L2社区平台上与我联系。